Predictive value of the proportion of hibernating myocardium in total perfusion defect on reverse remodeling in patients with HFrEF underwent coronary artery bypass graft / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of the proportion of hibernating myocardium (HM) in total perfusion defect (TPD) on reverse left ventricle remodeling (RR) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) by 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) combined with 18F-flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) gated myocardial imaging positron emission computed tomography (PET). Methods: Inpatients diagnosed with HFrEF at the Cardiac Surgery Center, Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2016 to January 2022 were prospectively recruited. MPI combined with 18F-FDG gated PET was performed before surgery for viability assessment and the patients received follow-up MPI and 18F-FDG gated PET at different stages (3-12 months) after surgery. Δ indicated changes (post-pre). Left ventricular end-systolic volume (ESV) reduced at least 10% was defined as RR, patients were divided into reverse remodeling (RR+) group and the non-reverse group (RR-). Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of RR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the cut-off value for predicting RR. Additionally, we retrospectively enrolled inpatients with HFrEF at the Cardiac Surgery Center, Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2021 to January 2022 as the validation group, who underwent MPI and 18F-FDG gated PET before surgery. Echocardiography was performed before CABG and after CABG (3-12 months). In the validation group, the reliability of obtaining the cut-off value for the ROC curve was verified. Results: A total of 28 patients with HFrEF (26 males; age (56.9±8.7) years) were included in the prospective cohort. HM/TPD was significantly higher in the RR+ group than in the RR- group ((51.8%±17.9%) vs. (35.7%±13.9%), P=0.016). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that HM/TPD was an independent predictor of RR (Odds ratio=1.073, 95% Confidence interval: 1.005-1.145, P=0.035). ROC curve analysis revealed that HM/TPD=38.3% yielded the highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (all 75%) for predicting RR and the AUC was 0.786 (P=0.011). Meanwhile, a total of 100 patients with HFrEF (90 males; age (59.7±9.6) years) were included in the validation group. In the validation group, HM/TPD=38.3% predicted RR in HFrEF patients after CABG with the highest sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (82%, 60% and 73% respectively). Compared with the HFrEF patients in the HM/TPD<38.3% group (n=36), RR and cardiac function improved more significantly in the HM/TPD≥38.3% group (n=64) (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Preoperative HM/TPD ratio is an independent factor for predicting RR in patients with HFrEF after CABG, and HM/TPD≥38.3% can accurately predict RR and the improvement of cardiac function after CABG.

Application of low-resistance elastic band resistance training in elderly patients with pre-frailty / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of low-resistance elastic band resistance training on elderly patients with pre-frailty.Methods:This was a prospective research. A total of 119 elderly patients with pre-frailty admitted to the Geriatric Hospital of Medical Health Group of First People′s Hospital of Xiangshan County from August 2020 to May 2021 were selected as the research objects by simple sampling method, and divided into the control group of 60 cases and the intervention group of 59 cases according to the time of admission, and the control group received routine nursing methods, the intervention group used low-resistance elastic bands for resistance training intervention on the basis of the control group. The intervention time was 12 weeks. Frail Asthenia Screening Scale, Motor Function Evaluation Scale for the Elderly and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale were used to evaluate the asthenia, motor function and sleep quality of the two groups before and after the intervention, and statistical comparison was made.Results:There was no significant difference in the asthenia, motor function and sleep quality between the two groups before the intervention ( P>0.05). The asthenia score after the intervention in the intervention group was (0.83 ± 0.38) points, which was lower than that in the control group (1.05 ± 0.43) points, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.93, P<0.01). The total score of motor function, social activity, mobility difficulty, daily care and physical pain after the intervention in the intervention group were (49.36 ± 4.68), (21.85 ± 3.71), (10.31 ± 1.65), (9.93 ± 1.80), (7.27 ± 1.65) points, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group (53.67 ± 5.20), (23.45 ± 3.62), (11.10 ± 1.81), (11.00 ± 1.88), (8.12 ± 1.65) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.38 - 4.75, all P<0.05). The total score of sleep quality and the scores of sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep disorder, hypnotic drug use and daytime functional disorder after the intervention in the intervention group were (6.54 ± 1.79), (1.02 ± 0.75) (0.95 ± 0.63), (0.95 ± 0.65), (0.80 ± 0.41), (1.29 ± 0.62), (0.53 ± 0.50), (1.02 ± 0.75) points, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group (8.92 ± 1.44), (1.38 ± 0.74), (1.40 ± 0.56), (1.37 ± 0.55), (0.93 ± 0.31), (1.58 ± 0.53), (0.72 ± 0.45), (1.53 ± 0.79) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.06 - 7.97, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The implementation of low-resistance elastic band resistance training in elderly patients with pre-frailty can reduce the patient′s frail status, improve motor function and sleep quality, and has a certain clinical value.

CT perfusion combined with energy spectrum imaging to evaluate the short-term efficacy of bronchial arterial chemoembolization for lung cancer / 中华内科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of dynamic volumetric CT perfusion combined with energy spectrum imaging in bronchial arterial chemoembolization (BACE) in patients with lung cancer. Methods: The data of 31 patients with lung cancer confirmed by pathology and treated with BACE in Lishui Central Hospital from January 2018 to February 2022 were retrospectively collected, including 23 men and 8 women, aged 31-84 (67) years. All patients received perfusion scans of lesion sites within 1 week before surgery and 1 month after surgery. We collected and compared the changes in preoperative and postoperative perfusion parameters such as blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean through time (MTT), permeability surface (PS) and energy spectrum parameters including arterial phase CT value (CTA), venous phase CT value (CTV), arterial phase iodine concentration (ICA), venous phase of iodine concentration (ICV), arterial standardization iodine concentration (NICA), and intravenous standardized iodine concentration (NICV) to confirm the significance of these parameters in evaluating the short-term efficacy of BACE in the treatment of advanced lung cancer. Data normality was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and normally distributed measurement data are expressed here as mean ± standard deviation; the independent-samples t-test was used for comparisons between two groups. The measurement data that were not normally distributed are expressed as median (interquartile interval) [M (Q1, Q3)], and the comparison between the two groups used the Kruskal-Wallis test. Count data are expressed as cases (%), and comparisons between groups used the χ2 test. Results: The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) at 1 month after BACE were 54.8% (17/31) and 96.8% (30/31), respectively. CT perfusion parameters and energy spectrum parameters of patients before and after BACE treatment were compared. The results showed that BF, BV, MTT, ICA, ICV and NICV were significantly decreased after BACE treatment compared with before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant[58.06 (40.47,87.22) vs.23.57(10.92, 36.24) ml·min-1·100g-1,3.33(2.86,6.09) vs.2.12(1.96,3.61)ml/100g,2.70(2.19,3.88) vs.1.53 (1.12,2.25)s, 3.51 (3.11,4.14)vs.1.74 (1.26,2.50)mg/ml,2.00 (1.30,2.45) vs.1.32(0.92,1.76)mg/ml,0.51(0.42,0.57) vs.0.33(0.23,0.39)](all P<0.05). At the same time, compared with the non-remission group, the study results showed that the difference of parameters in remission group before and after BACE was more obvious, including ΔBF, ΔBV, ΔMTT, ΔPS, ΔCTA, ΔCTV, ΔICA, ΔICV, ΔNICA, ΔNICV were significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant [36.82(32.38, 45.34) vs.9.50(-1.43, 12.34) ml·min-1·100g-1,4.46(2.52, 5.79) vs.0.22(-0.76, 4.09) ml/100g,4.22(2.25, 6.77) vs.0.43(-2.53, 1.88) s,10.07 (2.89, 13.13) vs.-2.01(-6.77, 4.28) ml·min-1·100g-1,14.22(11.88, 20.57) vs.4.18(-5.25, 6.37) HU, 34.6(14.88, 43.15) vs.11.60(0.26, 25.05) HU,0.95(0.54, 1.47) vs.0.11(0.20, 0.59) mg/ml,1.57(1.10, 2.38) vs. 0.26(-0.21, 0.63) mg/ml,0.05(0.03, 0.08) vs.-0.02(-0.04, 0.01),0.18(0.13, 0.21)vs. 0.11(-0.06, 0.16)](all P<0.05). Conclusions: CT perfusion combined with spectral imaging could effectively evaluate the changes in tumor vascular perfusion in patients with advanced lung cancer before and after BACE treatment, which has important value in judging the short-term efficacy after treatment.

Comparison of Clinical Effects between Percutaneous Transluminal Septal Myocardial Ablation and Modified Morrow Septal Myectomy on Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) and modified Morrow septal myectomy (MMSM) are two invasive strategies used to relieve obstruction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). This study aimed to determine the clinical outcome of these two strategies.</p><p><b>Methods</b>From January 2011 to January 2015, 226 patients with HCM were treated, 68 by PTSMA and 158 by MMSM. Both ultrasonic cardiograms and heart functional class were recorded before, after operations and in the follow-up. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. Quantitative variables were compared using the paired samples t-test.</p><p><b>Results</b>Interventricular septal thickness was significantly reduced in both groups (21.27 ± 4.43 mm vs. 18.72 ± 4.13 mm for PTSMA, t = 3.469, P < 0.001, and 21.83 ± 5.03 mm vs. 16.57 ± 3.95 mm for MMSM, t = 10.349, P < 0.001, respectively). The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) pressure gradient (PG) significantly decreased after the operations in two groups (70.30 ± 44.79 mmHg vs. 39.78 ± 22.07 mmHg for PTSMA, t = 5.041, P < 0.001, and 74.58 ± 45.52 mmHg vs. 13.95 ± 9.94 mmHg for MMSM, t = 16.357, P < 0.001, respectively). Seven patients (10.29%) in the PTSMA group required a repeat operation in the follow-up. Eight (11.76%) patients were evaluated for New York Heart Association (NYHA) III/IV in the PTSMA group, which was significantly more than the five (3.16%) in the same NYHA classes for the MMSM group at follow-up. Less than 15% of patients in the PTSMA group and none of the patients in the MMSM group complained of chest pain during follow-up.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>Both strategies can not only relieve LVOT PG but also improve heart function in patients with HCM. However, MMSM might provide a more reliable reduction in gradients compared to PTSMA.</p>

The in vitro dissolution of total composition of the tablet of rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong components and in vitro-in vivo correlation by the method of area under the absorbance-wavelength curve / 药学学报

To discuss the availability of evaluation on the dissolution studies of the multicomponents in traditional Chinese medicine, the in vitro dissolution of total composition of the tablet of rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong components and its correlation with the in vivo were studied by the method of area under the absorbance-wavelength curve (AUAWC). Taken the tablet of rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong components which is composed of sodium ferulate and ligustrazine hydrochloride as subject model, the dissolution tests were carried out with basket method. The plasma concentrations of tablets in different rats were determined by AUAWC at different interval times. The in vivo absorption percentage was calculated by Wagner-Nelson equation to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo correlation. According to the results, the cumulative dissolution in vitro of total composition of tablets of rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong components at 60 min was 90.65% in water by AUAWC. The in vivo pharmacokinetics is fitted with an one-compartment model. The linear equation based on the cumulative dissolution rate (fr) and absorption percentage (fa) at 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 min was fa = 0.819 7 fr+0.183 and the correlation coefficient was 0.959 5, which showed a good correlation between the in vitro dissolution and the in vivo absorption percentage. The method of AUAWC can be used accurately, feasibly and conveniently to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo correlation of total composition of tablets of rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong components, which will provide better guidance to study the in vitro and in vivo correlation of sustained release preparation etc under complex system of traditional Chinese medicine in the future.

Simultaneous determination on absolute bioavailability of preparation of Chuanxiong Radix components in rats by method of AUAWC and HPLC / 中草药

Objective: The absolute bioavailability of the preparation of Chuanxiong Radix components in rats was simultaneously studied by two methods of area under absorbance-wavelength curve (AUAWC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which would confirm the feasibility that AUAWC could be used to determine the absolute bioavailability of components of Chinese materia medica (CMM). Methods: Based on the random two-way cross-over design, 60 SD rats were given the injection of Chuanxiong Radix components by iv and the same amount of drug suspension of the tablet of Chuanxiong Radix components by ig, respectively. Blood samples were collected at various time points after the administration. Plasma concentration of the total components, sodium ferulate, and ligustrazine hydrochloride of the two preparations of Chuanxiong Radix components in rats was measured by AUAWC combined with HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters and absolute bioavailability were calculated by DAS 2.0 program and the data obtained by the two methods were compared. Results: After ig administration, AUC0-∞ of total components was (77.218±13.492) mg·min/L by AUAWC and AUC0-∞ of total component was (169.775±18.252) mg∙min/L for iv injection. The absolute bioavailability of tablet of ligustrazine hydrochloride were (69.134±4.853) and (16.422±2.584) mg∙min/L, respectively by HPLC. As for iv injection, AUC0-∞ of sodium ferulate and ligustrazine hydrochloride were (155.244±28.994) and (36.754±6.645) mg∙min/L, respectively. The absolute bioavailabilities of ig administration were 44.53% and 44.68%, respectively. The data obtained by AUAWC were similar to by HPLC. Conclusion: The method of AUAWC can be used to determine the absolute bioavailability on the mixed drugs in the tablet of Chuanxiong Radix components, which will be helpful to solve the problem that the total and individual drugs of the preparation can be coanalyzed together under the combination method of HPLC. It will provide better enlightenment to study the absolute bioavailability of the mixed drugs from Western compound chemicals or complex components in CMM.

Expression and characterization of porcine epidermal growth factor in Lactobacillus plantarum / 生物工程学报

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an epithelial cell growth factor that can stimulate intestinal development, repair the damage of epidermal cells as well as reduce the incidence of pathogen infection and diarrhea. In order to produce a recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) expressing porcine epidermal growth factor (pEGF), we constructed a recombinant vector stably expressing pEGF in L. plantarum strains. First, L. plantarum strain Lp-1 was isolated from intestinal contents of piglets. Then the functional domain of pEGF, M6 precursor protein signal peptide (SP) and super strong constitutive promoter (SCP) were connected with the backbone plasmid pIAβ8 to construct the recombinant vector that was transformed into Lp-1 by electroporation. Afterwards, pEGF was expressed in Lp-1 and detected by Tricine-SDS-PAGE and ELISA. After orally irrigated early-weaned BALB/c mice with the recombinant L. plantarum every morning and late afternoon for 10 consecutive days, body weight, villous height and crypt depth in the intestine were measured to examine the influence of the recombinant bacteria on the intestinal development of early-weaned mice in vivo. Finally, the results of our experiments demonstrated that pEGF was successfully expressed in Lp-1 and the molecular weight of pEGF was 6 kDa. In addition, the recombinant pEGF can enhanced the daily gain and exerted significance influence (P < 0.05) to the small intestinal morphology of early-weaned BALB/c mice. In conclusion, pEGF could be expressed in L. plantarum and the recombinant pEGF possesses good biological activity.

Inhibitory effect of arctigenin on lymphocyte activation stimulated with PMA/ionomycin / 药学学报

This study investigated the effect of arctigenin (Arc) on the cell activation, cytokines expression, proliferation, and cell-cycle distribution of mouse T lymphocytes. Mouse lymphocytes were prepared from lymph node and treated with Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)/Ionimycin (Ion) and/or Arc. CD69, CD25, cytokines, proliferation and cell cycle were assayed by flow cytometry. The results showed that, at concentrations of less than 1.00 micromol x L(-1), Arc expressed non-obvious cell damage to cultured lymphocytes, however, it could significantly down-regulate the expression of CD69 and CD25, as well as TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 on PMA/Ion stimulated lymphocytes. At the same time, Arc could also inhibit the proliferation of PMA/Ion-activated lymphocytes and exhibited lymphocyte G 0/G1 phase cycle arrest. These results suggest that Arc possesses significant anti-inflammatory effects that may be mediated through the regulation of cell activation, cytokines expression and cell proliferation.

Association of pre-pregnancy body weight, gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention among women in Beijing / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship of pre-pregnancy body weight, gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention among women in Beijing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using a cohort design, 600 pregnant women who went to district obstetrics and gynecology hospital in Beijing to establish preconception health care card from 5(th) February to 15(th) March 2009 were recruited. A total of 112 subjects (109 with valid data), 20% of that in baseline, were followed up at 6 months after delivery.70 subjects (66 with valid data) were followed up at one year after delivery. Weight, weight changes and postpartum weight retention were measured for low weight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2)), normal weight (18.5 kg/m(2) ≤ BMI ≤ 24.0 kg/m(2)) and overweight or obesity (BMI > 24.0 kg/m(2)) group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The pre-pregnancy weight and antenatal weight were (54.8 ± 8.0) and (70.8 ± 9.3) kg respectively. Gestational weight gain was (16.0 ± 7.0) kg. The postpartum weight of 6 and 12 months were (60.5 ± 9.4) and (57.6 ± 8.6) kg respectively. Comparing to pre-pregnancy, postpartum weight retention in 6 months and 12 months were (5.7 ± 4.5) and (2.7 ± 4.5) kg, weight retention rates were (10.6 ± 8.6)% and (5.2 ± 9.3)%. Antenatal weight among low pre-pregnancy weight group, normal weight and overweight and obese women were (62.6 ± 5.7), (69.9 ± 6.6) and (84.2 ± 9.9) kg, and weight at postpartum 12 months among 3 groups were (49.3 ± 3.2), (56.5 ± 6.9) and (70.5 ± 6.0) kg respectively (F = 25.3, P < 0.01); At postpartum 12 months, low pre-pregnancy weight group ((5.6 ± 5.9) kg), overweight and obese women group ((4.7 ± 1.9) kg) postpartum weight retention was significantly higher than that of the normal weight group ((1.8 ± 4.3) kg) (F = 3.82, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pre-pregnancy body weight is a key risk factor in weight gain during pregnancy and postpartum weight retention.</p>

Intrahepatic transplantation of in vitro induced autologous bone marrow-derived liver stem cells in patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of in vitro induced autologous bone marrow-derived liver stem cell transplantation for posthepatitic cirrhosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between Jun 2008 and Mar 2009, 12 patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis and portal hypertensive underwent azygousportal disconnection and splenectomy in our department. The patients were then divided into two groups to receive autologous bone marrow-deprived liver stem cell infusion via the hepatic artery after in vitro induction for 7 days (n=6) or saline (n=6). The therapeutic effects of the operations on the liver functions and liver fibrosis index were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients recovered uneventfully and no side effect of the operation was found. After the operation, the patients receiving bone marrow-deprived liver stem cell infusion showed better hepatic function improvement than those receiving saline infusion (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Transplantation of in vitro induced autologous bone marrow-derived liver stem cell via the hepatic artery is safe and effective for treatment of posthepatitic cirrhosis.</p>

Evaluation of feeding behavior among infants and young children aged from 6 to 24-month-old in Chengdu by feeding index method / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the feeding behavior of infants and young children aged from 6 to 24-month-old in Chengdu by feeding index.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>608 infants and young children were randomly selected from Chengdu and divided into 6-, 9-, 12 - 24 month-old groups. Data including basic information, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding were collected through questionnaire. The feeding status of subjects was evaluated by feeding index system (the total score was 19) established by infant feeding principle of WHO.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total feeding index score (FIS) of 608 subjects was 11.0 ± 2.4. The FIS of 6-(192), in 9-(174) and 12 - 24 month-old (242) groups were 9.6 ± 2.8, 11.1 ± 2.1, 11.9 ± 1.6, respectively. The FIS was increased with month of children (F = 61.311, P < 0.05). The ratios above 60% (the score of 11.4) and 80% (the score of 15.2) of FIS were 46.4% (282/608) and 0.7% (4/608) respectively. The ratios above 60% of FIS were 26.5% (51/192), 45.4% (79/174), 66.9% (162/242) in 6-, 9-, 12 - 24 month-old groups respectively. The percentages of bottle feeding and breastfeeding were 94.2% (573/608) and 25.2% (153/608) respectively.45.1% (274/608) of them were fed by recommended feeding frequency, and 73.0% (444/608) were given enough types of food. With the month-old increasing, the foods of higher intake frequency were vegetables/fruits, cereals, milk and diary product, eggs. The intake frequency of meat was higher in 9 to 24 month-old group, but intake frequency of fish and beans was low in all groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The feeding behavior of infants and young children in Chengdu is not optimistic, especially for the lower month infants.</p>

Effects of nutritional education on improvement of nutritional knowledge of infant's mothers in rural area in China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of young children's mothers on infant feeding and to evaluate the effects of nutritional education in the rural areas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cluster sampling method was used to select the local health station. Five hundred and fifteen mothers, who had infants with age of 4 - 6 months, were recruited for the questionnaire survey on the nutritional knowledge in rural areas of Tianjin municipality. The mothers were randomly divided into intervention group I (160), intervention group II (180) and control group (175). The mothers in the intervention group I were educated with feeding guideline on infants and young children and had had Group lectures and advisory from experts about maternal and child nutrition for teaching them how to feed their children; while, the mothers in the intervention group II were trained with feeding guideline on infants and young children by themselves; and the mothers in the control group received routine guidance at the local health station. The follow-up evaluation on nutritional knowledge of the mothers in each group was carried out after 3 and 6 months intervention, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The educational background had significant effect on KAP scores: KAP scores of the mothers with primary education or less (8.3 +/- 2.2) were significantly lower than that of the mothers educated with high school (9.4 +/- 1.6) and university (9.6 +/- 1.8) (LSD t = 3.70, P < 0.001). After being educated with feeding guideline on infants and young children, the knowledge of infant's mothers was greatly improved and KAP scores of the mothers after intervention were higher than that of the baseline (F = 183.556, P = 0.006); the percentage of correct answer on nutrition knowledge in the intervention groups was significantly higher than that of the control group. At six months of intervention, the KAP scores of intervention group I (12.0) and intervention group II (11.6) were higher than that of the control group (10.5) (LSD t = 5.96, P < 0.001; LSD t = 4.25, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Providing nutritional and health education to the infant's mothers should be helpful for improving infant's feeding pattern and ensuring the adequate growth and development of infants.</p>

The impact of experience in bearing child on the body mass index and obesity in women / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the relations of body mass index(BMI)and obese prevalence in differently aged women and explore the effective strategy for preventing obesity among adult Chinese women.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>This study was based on the data from 2002 National Nutrition and Health Survey. The method of multi-steps cluster sampling was adopted. Total subjects including unmarried women (n = 2474), married women without the experience of childbearing (n = 10,816), and married and bearing-child women (n = 4103), were 17,393.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In urban areas, the average body weights of unmarried, married and without childbearing experience, and the married with born-child were (53.7 +/- 9.0) kg, (57.6 +/- 9.4) kg and (54.5 +/- 8.5) kg respectively; the body weights of unmarried, married and without childbearing experience were significantly higher than that of the married with born-child women (t = 12.25, P < 0.001; t = 8.32, P < 0.001); the BMIs of unmarried, married without childbearing experience, and the married with born-child women were (21.1 +/- 3.3) kg/m(2), (22.8 +/- 3.4) kg/m(2) and (22.0 +/- 2.9) kg/m(2) respectively; the BMIs of married without childbearing experience and married with born-child women were significantly higher than that of unmarried women (t = 14.88, P < 0.001; t = 5.76, P < 0.001). In the rural areas, the body weights of unmarried, married without childbearing experience, and the married with born-child women were (52.3 +/- 7.8) kg, (55.3 +/- 8.6) kg and (52.8 +/- 8.1) kg respectively; the body weights of unmarried, the married with born-child women were significantly higher than that of married without childbearing experience (t = 11.67, P < 0.001; t = 14.15, P < 0.001); the BMIs of unmarried, married without childbearing experience, and the married with born-child women were (21.2 +/- 2.8) kg/m(2), (22.5 +/- 3.1) kg/m(2), and (21.8 +/- 3.0) kg/m(2) respectively; the BMIs of married and the married with born-child were significantly higher than that of unmarried women (t = 13.80, P < 0.001; t = 5.34, P < 0.001). In urban areas, the rate of low body weight of unmarried women (18.1%) was higher than that of married without childbearing experience and married with born-child group (7.3% vs. 9.1%; comparing with married without childbearing experience: chi(2) = 113.69, P < 0.001; comparing with married with born-child: chi(2) = 29.65, P < 0.001); the prevalence of overweight and obesity (32.7%) in married without childbearing was significantly higher than that of unmarried women (14.4%) (chi(2) = 28.257, P < 0.001). In rural areas, the rate of low body weight of unmarried women (12.4%) was higher than that of married without childbearing group (6.7%, chi(2) = 50.040, P < 0.001); however, the prevalence of overweight (22.4%) in the married without childbearing was significantly higher than that of unmarried women (12.3%) (chi(2) = 69.119, P < 0.001) and the married with born-child women (15.4%) (chi(2) = 69.866, P < 0.001). The prevalence of overweight and obesity of the married with born-child women was decreasing with extending time of postpartum in urban and rural areas.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Weight retention of married with born-child women was one of the most important factors leading to the obesity in the adulthood. However, more attentions should be paid to the changing trend of body weight in the married without childbearing experience.</p>

Effects of different feeding patterns on body weight of perinatal women in rural area / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relations between different feeding patterns and the body weight retention of the perinatal women living in rural areas of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cluster sampling method was used to investigate 409 women, who are currently living in rural areas of Tianjin, at pregnant and perinatal status. While, their body weights and heights before pregnancy, antepartum and postpartum were measured, respectively. Body weight retention was the difference of the measured data after postpartum minus pre-pregnant weight. Variance analysis was used for statistic comparison.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 70.9% (290/409) within four months. The net body weight retention of women (5.8 kg) using the exclusive breastfeeding was lower than that of the women (7.0 kg) using artificial feeding within 4 - 6 months, but there was no significantly statistic difference (F = 1.45, P = 0.236). However, there was the opposite result within 7 - 9 months, the data showed that the body weight retention in the women using the exclusive breastfeeding was 4.9 kg, which was significantly higher than that the women (2.9 kg) with artificial feeding (F = 3.17, P = 0.043). The food consumption of the women (901 g) using exclusive breastfeeding was the highest, followed by those (877 g) using mixed feeding and the women (750 g) using artificial feeding.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The body weight retention after postpartum should be related to infant feeding patterns. After postpartum, the weight loss of women using the exclusive breastfeeding is relatively low. While, for the women using the exclusive breastfeeding, the net weight retention during pregnancy and after postpartum were lower than those with artificial feeding. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance health education and guidance on promoting exclusive breast-feeding as well as increasing awareness on pre-pregnant health.</p>

Effects of hepatic growth factor on c-kit+Lin- cell proliferation in mouse bone marrow / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the optimal cytokine combinations with hepatic growth factor (HGF) that results in the most significant simultaneous in vitro expansion of cc-kit(+)Lin(-) cells derived from the bone marrow.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>C-kit(+)Lin(-) cells were isolated from mouse bone marrow using a high-gradient magnetic cell sorting system (MACS) and expanded in the presence of stem cell factor (SCF), FLt-3 ligand (FL), leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) thrombopoietin (TPO) and different concentrations of HGF for 7days in a liquid culture system. The total cell number and Annexin-V-positive cell number were counted, and the antigen expressions were studied with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In each group, c-kit(+)Lin(-) cells were expanded effectively and rapidly by 2 to 8 folds. Addition of 10 ng/ml HGF into SCF+FL+LIF+TPO resulted in the most significant expansion of c-kit(+)Lin(-) and total cells by 8.00 and 45.43 folds, respectively, with cell apoptosis rate of 17.42 %. But as the concentration of HGF increased, the c-kit(+)Lin(-) cells and the apoptosis rate decreased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HGF at10 ng/ml shows optimal synergistic effect with SCF, FL, LIF and TPO in expansion of c-kit(+)Lin(-) cells, and excessive HGF may induce cell differentiation.</p>

The relationship of milk consumption and development of 3 - 6 years old preschool children / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between milk intake of 3 - 6 years old preschool children and their growth.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data bank of 2002 China National and Health Survey were used to analyze the relationship of milk consumption and the growth of children aged 3 - 6 in urban and rural areas.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percentages of the diet with milk in urban and rural areas were 46.9% and 8.2% respectively, there was significant difference between the urban and rural areas. The averaged milk intake of preschool children were 23.8 g/d, the milk intake of urban children was significantly higher than that in the rural areas (P < 0.01). The height and weight of children with milk or its products in their diets in the group aged 4, 5 and 6 years were significantly higher than those of children without milk or its products in their diets (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There was close relationship between milk intake of children 3 - 6 years old and their growth, the volume of milk intake of preschool children should be improved in urban and rural areas.</p>

Study on the effect of malnutrition and anemia identified among general population in 2002 to the future productivity in China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure the social productivity loss and negative effect to economic development due to malnutrition in view of quantitative analysis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using the data of childhood stunting and population anemia status, collected by 2002 National Nutrition and Health Survey to analyse the effect on present and future productivity. PROFILES model was used to estimate two kinds of productivity losses: "Future productivity loss" was figured out based on the data of stunting and anemia status in 0-5 year-old children while "Current productivity loss" was from anemia data of the adults.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>If current prevalence levels of malnutrition remained unchange over the next ten years (from 2002 to 2012), the total net present value of future productivity lost would be 281.7 billion Yuan (RMB), equivalent to 2.70 % of the Gross Domestice Product( GDP) in 2002, with the productivity losses due to stunting, anemia in adults and children were 0.15 % , 0.46 % and 2.09% of the 2002 GDP, respectively. All the results of calculation mentioned above was restricted with the same assumption - the ignorance of the real cost.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The social economic development and the improvement of nutrition program would have a huge effect to population nutritional status. The social benefit and return on investment should be significant.</p>

The influence of maternal nutrition on children physical development / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of maternal nutrition status on child growth in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study was performed using data from 2002 China Nutrition Health Survey in which data were collected through stratified multi-stage cluster samples in 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities. Accroding to the height of women aged 18-44 y was 156.4 cm, the data on mother and children' weight and height/length (n = 1380) were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The findings suggest child's length (age 2) were significantly correlated with maternal heights (P < 0.0001). The mean length in children born to mothers with a height below 156.4 cm was 2.4 cm less than those in children born to mothers with a height above 156.4 cm. The prevalence of stunting in children at age 2 born to mothers with a height below 156 cm was 2.07 times of that in children born to mothers with a height above 156 cm. Therefore, the risk for stunting in children at 2 is lower in children born to mothers with greater height.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The maternal nutrition status could have a significant influence on children physical development.</p>

Association between hemoglobin level of children < or = 3 years and anemia of their mother / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between the hemoglobin level of children < or = 3 years and anemia of their mothers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Multi-steps cluster sampling was adopted. In order to ensure sufficient number of babies and young children and postpartum in this survey, additional subjects were included in the sample. The subjects in study were collected in the same family.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average anemia prevalence of children < or = 3 years was significant different between urban and rural (26.9%, 94/350 and 32.4%, 594/1835, P < 0.05) areas. The birth weight of anemia children < or = 3 years was significant lower than nonanemic children (P < 0.05); the incidence of low birth weight of anemia children < or = 3 years was significant higher than nonanemic children (P < 0.05); the percentage of Hb < 100 g/L and < 110 g/L were 7.6% (166/2185) and 24.9% (544/2185); the Hb levels of children fed by anemia mother and nonanemic mother were significantly different (115.6 +/- 17.4) g/L, (115.2 +/- 16.7) g/L and (123.3 +/- 14.9) g/L, (122.2 +/- 15.3) g/L, P < 0.001.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There should be significant relation between the Hb level of children < or = 3 years and anemia of their mother.</p>

Effects of ferrous sulfate supplementation on bone marrow hemopoiesis in rats / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the influences of different dosage ferrous sulfate supplements on bone marrow hemopoiesis in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Female weaning Wistar rats were fed with an iron deficient diet (< 10 mg/kg diet) until the level of hemoglobin of rats was lower than 100 g/L. Rats (n = 50) were randomly divided into five groups according to the levels of hemoglobin and body weight, iron deficiency control (ID), daily low iron diet supplement (LDs), daily high iron diet supplement (HDs), weekly low iron supplement (LWs), and weekly high iron supplement (HWs).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 12 weeks, bone marrow stainable iron was seldom in ID group, and ample in supplement groups. The proportions of iron staining of bone marrow smear in supplement groups were more than 30%. Bone marrow cells in all rats were hyperplastic or active hyperplastic.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Daily high iron supplement or once weekly high iron supplement were safe to bone marrow hemopoiesis in rats.</p>